Millions across Spain and Portugal were left in the dark on Monday as a massive power outage swept through the Iberian Peninsula, halting public transport, grounding flights, and disrupting daily life. The blackout, which began at 11:33 a.m. local time, also briefly affected parts of southern France. Spanish authorities declared a state of emergency, deploying 30,000 police officers to maintain order, while emergency cabinet meetings were convened in both nations. The cause of the outage remains under investigation. Spain’s grid operator, Red Eléctrica de España (REE), attributed the incident to a failure in the interconnection with France, which triggered cascading disconnections across the grid. Meanwhile, Portugal’s grid operator, REN, suggested that rare atmospheric conditions caused severe voltage oscillations, leading to the widespread shutdown. By late Monday, power restoration efforts were underway, with 99% of electricity supply reportedly restored in Spain by Tuesday morning. Portugal also stabilised its grid, with all substations back online. However, the blackout caused significant disruptions, including the suspension of routine hospital operations, halted metro services, and stranded trains. The European Council president, António Costa, stated that “there is no evidence that it was a cyber-attack,” though investigations are ongoing. Experts have also pointed to the challenges posed by renewable energy systems, which now account for a significant portion of Spain’s electricity. While renewables like wind and solar are vital for reducing carbon emissions, their intermittent nature can complicate grid stability, especially during extreme conditions.  ...